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The Creeds of Christendom, Vol. 1: The History of Creeds

Philip Schaff · 1877

Schaff's history of the creeds and confessions of every major Christian tradition.

Edition: CCEL · www.ccel.org

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From the opening: History of the Creeds of Christendom

FIRST CHAPTER. ON CREEDS IN GENERAL. PAGE § 1. Name and Definition 3 § 2. Origin of Creeds 4 § 3. Authority of Creeds 7 § 4. Value and Use of Creeds 8 § 5. Classification of Creeds 9

SECOND CHAPTER. THE OECUMENICAL CREEDS. PAGE § 6. General Character of the OEcumenical Creeds 12 § 7. The Apostles' Creed 14 § 8. The Nicene Creed 24 § 9. The Creed of Chalcedon 29 § 10. The Athanasian Creed 34

THIRD CHAPTER. THE CREEDS OF THE GREEK CHURCH. PAGE § 11. The Seven OEcumenical Councils 43 § 12. The Confessions of Gennadius, A.D. 1453 46 § 13. The Answers of the Patriarch Jeremiah to the Lutherans, A.D. 1576 50 § 14. The Confession of Metrophanes Critopulus, A.D. 1625 52 § 15. The Confession of Cyril Lucar, A.D. 1631 54 § 16. The Orthodox Confession of Mogilas, A.D. 1643 58

§ 17. The Synod of Jerusalem, and the Confession of Dositheus, A.D. 1672 61 § 18. The Synods of Constantinople, A.D. 1672 and 1691 67 § 19. The Doctrinal Standards of the Russo-Greek Church 68 § 20. Anglo-Catholic Correspondence with the Russo-Greek 74 § 21. The Eastern Sects: Nestorians, Jacobites, Copts, Armenians 78

FOURTH CHAPTER. THE CREEDS OF THE ROMAN CHURCH. PAGE § 22. Catholicism and Romanism 83 § 23. Standard Expositions of the Roman Catholic System 85 § 24. The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent, A.D. 1563 90 § 25. The Profession of the Tridentine Faith, A.D. 1564 96 § 26. The Roman Catecism, A.D. 1566 100 § 27. The Papal Bulls against the Jansenists, A.D. 1653, 1713 102 Note on the Old Catholics in Holland, 107. § 28. The Papal Definition of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, A.D. 1854 108 § 29. The Argument for the Immaculate Conception 113 § 30. The Papal Syllabus, A.D. 1864 128 § 31. The Vatican Council, A.D. 1870 134 § 32. The Vatican Decrees. The Constitution on the Catholic Faith 147 § 33. The Vatican Decrees, Continued. The Papal Infallibility Decree 150 § 34. Papal Infallibility Explained, and Tested by Scripture and Tradition 163 § 35. The Liturgical Standards of the Roman Church 189 § 36. The Old Catholics 191

FIFTH CHAPTER. THE CREEDS OF THE EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT CHURCHES. PAGE § 37. The Reformation. Protestantism and Romanism 203 § 38. The Evangelical Confessions of Faith 209 § 39. The Lutheran and Reformed Confessions 211

SIXTH CHAPTER. THE CREEDS OF THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. PAGE § 40. The Lutheran Confessions 220 § 41. The Augsburg Confession, A.D.…

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Contents (230 sections)

  1. About this edition
  2. A History and Critical Notes
  3. The History of the Creeds
  4. His Honored and Beloved Colleagues
  5. Preface
  6. Preface to the Second Edition
  7. Preface to the Third Edition
  8. Preface to the Fourth Edition
  9. Preface to the Sixth Edition
  10. Table of Contents
  11. History of the Creeds of Christendom
  12. Additions to the Literature
  13. Of Creeds in General
  14. The Oecumenical Creeds
  15. The Oecumenical Creeds (continued)
  16. The Creeds of the Greek Church
  17. The Creeds of the Greek Church (continued)
  18. Article VII. — The doctrine of the incarnation of the Son of God, his death…
  19. Article XIII. — Man is justified, not by faith alone, but also by works
  20. Article XIII. — Man is justified, not by faith alone, but also by works (continued)
  21. The Creeds of the Roman Church
  22. Translation of the Profession
  23. Translation of the Profession (continued)
  24. Translation of the Profession (continued)
  25. Translation of the Profession (continued)
  26. Translation of the Profession (continued)
  27. Translation of the Profession (continued)
  28. Translation of the Profession (continued)
  29. The Creeds of the Evangelical Churches
  30. The Creeds of the Evangelical Lutheran Church
  31. Origin and History
  32. Luther's Share in the Composition
  33. Character and Value
  34. The Text. the Invariata and the Variata
  35. Luther's Catechisms
  36. The Additions in the Enchiridion
  37. Translations and Introduction
  38. Character, Value, and Defects
  39. The Text of the Enchiridion
  40. Signature. Melanchthon's Position
  41. Character and Authority
  42. Name. Origin and Occasion
  43. Luther and Melanchthon
  44. Lutherans and Philippists
  45. The Theological Controversies in the Lutheran Church
  46. I. the Flacian Controversy on Original Sin, 1560-1580
  47. II. the Synergistic Controversy (1550 — 1567)
  48. III. the Osiandric Controversy (1549-1566)
  49. IV. the Majoristic Controversy (1552-1577.)
  50. V. the Antinomian Controversy (1527-1560)
  51. VI. the Crypto-Calvinistic or Eucharistic Controversy (1549-1574)
  52. VII. the Christological or Ubiquitarian Controversy
  53. VIII. the Hades Controversy
  54. IX. the Adiaphoristic (or Interimistic) Controversy (1548-1555)
  55. X. the Strasburg Controversy on Predestination Between Zanchi and Marbach (1561-1563)
  56. The Preparation of the Formula of Concord
  57. The Preparation of the Formula of Concord (continued)
  58. The Preparation of the Formula of Concord (continued)
  59. Reception, Authority, and Introduction
  60. Opposition and Defense
  61. An Impartial Estimate
  62. An Impartial Estimate (continued)
  63. § 49. an Abortive Symbol against Syncretism, 1655
  64. The Creeds of the Evangelical Reformed Churches
  65. I. Swiss Reformed Confessions
  66. I. Swiss Reformed Confessions (continued)
  67. Character and Value
  68. Chapter IX — Of Free Will and Man's Ability. — The will and moral ability of man must be…
  69. Chapter IX — Of Free Will and Man's Ability. — The will and moral ability of man must be… (continued)
  70. Calvin's Personal Character
  71. Tributes to Calvin
  72. The Doctrine of Predestination
  73. Calvin's Doctrine of the Lord's Supper
  74. Calvin as an Exegete
  75. Calvin's Church Polity
  76. Religious Persecution and Religious Freedom
  77. The Synod of Dort and the Theology of Saumur
  78. Universal and Particular Predestination
  79. Mediate and Immediate Imputation
  80. The Consensus Formula
  81. Antoine de Chandieu
  82. The Gallican Confessions
  83. The Reformation in the Netherlands
  84. The Belgic Confession
  85. Origin and Progress of Arminianism Till 1618
  86. The Synod of Dort
  87. Arminianism After the Synod of Dort
  88. Article First
  89. First Head of Doctrine
  90. Second Head of Doctrine
  91. Third and Fourth Heads of Doctrine
  92. Fifth Head of Docrine
  93. III. the Reformed Confessions of Germany
  94. The Reformed Church in Germany
  95. The Confession of the Four Cities
  96. The Reformation in the Palatinate
  97. Ursinus and Olevianus
  98. Preparation and Publication of the Catechism
  99. The Third Edition and the Eightieth Question
  100. Character and Aim
  101. Plan and Arrangement
  102. The Spirit of the Catechism
  103. Comparison with the Luthern and Westminster Catechisms
  104. History of the Catechism
  105. Opinions on the Catechism
  106. The Confession of Sigismund. A.d. 1614
  107. The Colloquy at Leipzig. A.d. 1631
  108. The Colloquy of Thorn. A.d. 1645
  109. IV. the Confessions of Bohemia, Poland, and Hungary
  110. Hus and the Hussites
  111. The Bohemian Brethern
  112. The Waldensian Catechism (1489) and the Bohemian Catechism (1521)
  113. The Reformation and Counter-Reformation in Bohemia
  114. The Bohemian Confession of 1535
  115. The Second Bohemian Confession. A.d. 1575
  116. Poland in the Sixteen Century
  117. Peter Paul Vergerio
  118. The Papal Reaction and Triumph
  119. The Consensus of Sendomir
  120. The Hungarian Confession
  121. V. the Anglican Articles of Religion
  122. Epochs of the English Reformation
  123. The Melanchthonian Influence
  124. The Zwinglian and Calvinistic Influence
  125. The Ten Articles
  126. The Bishops' Book and the King's Book
  127. The Thirteen Articles
  128. The Six Articles
  129. The Latin Edition, 1563
  130. The English Edition, 1571
  131. The Royal Declaration of 1628
  132. Relation to the Edwardine Articles
  133. The Articles and the Augsburg Confession
  134. The Articles and the Würtemberg Confession
  135. The Articles and the Reformed Confessions
  136. Predestination and Election
  137. Of Predestination and Election
  138. Baptismal Regeneration and Fall from Grace
  139. Necessity of Baptism
  140. The Lord's Supper
  141. Revision of the Articles
  142. Cranmer's Catechism
  143. The Catechism of the Prayer-Book
  144. § 84. the Lambeth Articles, A.d. 1595
  145. § 85. the Irish Articles. A.d. 1615
  146. The Articles of Religion
  147. VI. the Presbyterian Confessions of Scotland
  148. Origin of the Scotch Confession
  149. The National Covenant, 1581 and 1638
  150. The Solemn League and Covenant, 1643
  151. VII. the Westminster Standards
  152. Protestantism and CIVIL Wars
  153. Character of Puritanism
  154. Origin and Progress of the Controversy
  155. The Hampton Court Conference
  156. King Charles and Archbishop Laud
  157. The Star-Chamber and the High-Commission Court
  158. The CIVIL War and the Commonwealth
  159. The CIVIL War and the Commonwealth (continued)
  160. Importance of the Assembly
  161. Appointment of the Assembly
  162. Composition and Parties
  163. The Leading Members
  164. The Scotch Commissioners
  165. Opening of the Assembly
  166. The Assembly in the Jerusalem Chamber
  167. Baillie's Description of the Assembly
  168. Duration and Close
  169. Revision of the English Articles
  170. Preparation of the Confession
  171. The Action of the Parliament
  172. The Action of the General Assembly of Scotland
  173. Theology and Christology
  174. The Christian Sabbath
  175. Preparation and Adoption
  176. The Larger Catechism
  177. The Shorter Catechism
  178. Preterition of the Rest of Mankind
  179. General Remarks on the Progress of Religious Liberty
  180. The Congregational Churches of New England
  181. The Presbyterian Churches
  182. The American Revision
  183. Other Presbyterian Churches in the United States
  184. The Cumberland Presbyterian Confession
  185. Modern Protestant Creeds
  186. The first vols. of G. Bancroft's History of the United States (begun in 1834); last ed.…
  187. Congregations in the Apostolic Age
  188. The Ante-Nicene Churches
  189. Mixture of the Church with the World
  190. Attempts to Restore the Purity of the Church
  191. English and American Congregationalism
  192. Independency and Fellowship
  193. Congregationalism and Creeds
  194. The Savoy Declaration. A.d. 1658
  195. The Declaration of 1833
  196. The Synod of Cambridge, 1648
  197. The Synod of Boston, 1680
  198. The Synod of Saybrook, 1708
  199. The National Council of Boston, 1865
  200. The Oberlin National Council, 1871
  201. The Baptists in England
  202. The Distinctive Principles of the Friends
  203. Barclay's Thesis
  204. Discipline and Worship
  205. Character of Methodism
  206. Methodism and Puritanism
  207. Relation to the Church of England
  208. Branches of Methodism
  209. Great Britain and Ireland
  210. The Semi-Anglican Doctrines
  211. The Arminian Doctrines
  212. The Original Doctrines of Methodism
  213. The Countess of Huntingdon's Connection
  214. The Welsh Calvinistic Methodists
  215. The Catholic Apostolic Church
  216. Statement of the Rev. W. W. Andrews
  217. The Second Coming
  218. Character and Aim of the Alliance
  219. The Conference of 1846
  220. The Doctrinal Basis
  221. I. — Rule of Faith and Practice
  222. VII. — Ecclesiology and Sacramentology
  223. I. — Lutheranism and Calvinism
  224. II. — Calvinism and Arminianism
  225. IV. — Baptist Doctrines
  226. V. — Quaker Doctrines
  227. VI. — Methodist Doctrines
  228. Book of Concord, 220
  229. I
  230. V

How to cite it

Chicago
Philip Schaff. The Creeds of Christendom, Vol. 1: The History of Creeds. CCEL, 1877. https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1
MLA
Philip Schaff. The Creeds of Christendom, Vol. 1: The History of Creeds. CCEL, 1877. https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1
APA
Philip Schaff (1877). The Creeds of Christendom, Vol. 1: The History of Creeds. CCEL. https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1

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