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Charles: The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament, Vol. 1: Apocrypha

R. H. Charles (editor) · 1913

The books outside the Hebrew canon (deuterocanonical for Catholic and Orthodox readers), with introductions and notes.

Edition: Internet Archive · archive.org

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From the opening: Introduction to Volume I

δι. The origin of the term apocryphal.

How the term ‘Apocryphal Books’ (ἀπόκρυφα βιβλία) arose has not yet been determined. It did not, as Zahn (Gesch. des Neutestamentlichen Kanons |. i. 123 sq.), Schurer, Porter, N. Schmidt, and others maintain, originate in the Late Hebrew phrase D123 O55, ‘hidden books.’* But Talmudic literature knows nothing of such a class. The Hebrew word ganaz (123) does not mean ‘to hide’, but ‘to store away’ things in themselves precious. Indeed, so far is it from being a technical term in reference to non-Canonical writings, that it is most frequently used in reference to the Canonical Scriptures themselves. When writings were wholly without the pale of the Sacred books—such as those of the heretics or Samaritans—they were usually designated /zsonim, i.e. ‘ outside’ (Sanh. x. 1 ὈΝΠ Ὁ ἼΒΟ and ὉΠ HD). To this class the Apocrypha were never relegated, save Sirach, according to a statement found only in Sanh. x. 1 in the Palestinian Talmud, where it is stated that ‘whoso reads the outside books would have no part in the life to come’. But it is clear that there is some error either in the text or the interpretation; for Sirach is very frequently cited by the Rabbis (see the Original Hebrew of a Portion of Ecclesiasticus, Cowley and Neubauer, pp. xix—xxx), and two passages of it (Sir. vii. 10 in Erubin 65% and xiii. 16 in Baba Qama 92") are cited as belonging to the Hagiographa. The facts show that Sirach was read —read at all events for private edification though not in the synagogues.

§ 2. saxtent of the Fewish apocryphal writings.

We are not here of course concerned with all Jewish apocryphal writings, but with those which were written between 200 B.C. and A.D. 120. The most notable of these in the past centuries were those which we may define as the Apocrypha Proper, i.e.

1 Esdras Epistle of Jeremy

2 Esdras Additions to Daniel—The Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Children

Tobit Ἔ rn Susanna

Judith " + Bel and the Dragon

Additions to Esther Prayer of Manasses

Wisdom of Solomon 1 Maccabees

Ecclesiasticus or Sirach 2 Maccabees

1 Baruch

If we compare the collection of the Sacred books as they are found in the Hebrew Old Testament, the LXX, and the Vulgate, we shall find that the Apocrypha Proper constitutes the excess of the Vulgate over the Hebrew Old Testament, and that this excess is borrowed from the LXX. But the official Vulgate…

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Contents (170 sections)

  1. Opening
  2. Title page
  3. Preface
  4. Preface (continued)
  5. The Apocrypha of the Old Testament
  6. Additions to and Completions of the Canonical Books
  7. Epistle of Jeremy (Ball)
  8. Contributors to Volume I
  9. Introduction to Volume I
  10. Introduction to Volume I (continued)
  11. Introduction to Volume I (continued)
  12. Introduction to Volume I (continued)
  13. Introduction to Volume I (continued)
  14. Addenda Et Corrigenda to Volume I
  15. § 1. Preliminary Account of the Book
  16. § 2. Title and Standing
  17. § 3. Text Versions, Date, Etc
  18. § 3. Text Versions, Date, Etc (continued)
  19. § 5. Data for Reconstruction
  20. § 6. Structure of the Sources
  21. § 6. Structure of the Sources (continued)
  22. § 6. Structure of the Sources (continued)
  23. § 6. Structure of the Sources (continued)
  24. § 6. Structure of the Sources (continued)
  25. § 6. Structure of the Sources (continued)
  26. § 6. Structure of the Sources (continued)
  27. The First Book of Maccabees
  28. § 5. Literary and Religious Characteristics
  29. § 7. The Sources of the Book
  30. § 9. The Syriac and Latin Versions
  31. Introduction. I, I-G
  32. Introduction. I, I-G (continued)
  33. Introduction. I, I-G (continued)
  34. Introduction. I, I-G (continued)
  35. Introduction. I, I-G (continued)
  36. Jonathan Maccabaeus. IX. 23—xii
  37. Jonathan Maccabaeus. IX. 23—xii (continued)
  38. D (continued)
  39. D (continued)
  40. The Second Book of Maccabees
  41. § 6. Influence on Later Literature
  42. The Second Book of Maccabees
  43. The Second Book of Maccabees (continued)
  44. The Second Book of Maccabees (continued)
  45. The Second Book of Maccabees (continued)
  46. § 1. Contents and Main Conclusions
  47. § 6. Integrity of the Book
  48. The Third Book of Maccabees
  49. The Third Book of Maccabees (continued)
  50. The Book of Tobit
  51. § 3. Greek Mss. and Papyrus
  52. § 4. Non-Greek Versions
  53. 4. The Gaster Hebrew
  54. § 6. Date of Composition
  55. § 7. Place of Composition and Purpose
  56. § 7. Place of Composition and Purpose (continued)
  57. § 11. Influence of the Book on Later Literature
  58. (4) Chief Critical Inquiries
  59. (4) Chief Critical Inquiries (continued)
  60. C. The Union of Sarah’s and Tobit’s Destinies, VV
  61. C. The Union of Sarah’s and Tobit’s Destinies, VV (continued)
  62. C. The Union of Sarah’s and Tobit’s Destinies, VV (continued)
  63. C. The Union of Sarah’s and Tobit’s Destinies, VV (continued)
  64. C. The Union of Sarah’s and Tobit’s Destinies, VV (continued)
  65. The Book of Judith
  66. § 2. Title of the Book
  67. § 5. Date of the Original, and of the Versions
  68. § 6. Integrity of the Text; Its Historical Framework
  69. § 7. The Author of the Book
  70. § 8. Later Use of the Book
  71. § 8. Later Use of the Book (continued)
  72. § 8. Later Use of the Book (continued)
  73. § 8. Later Use of the Book (continued)
  74. The Book of Sirach
  75. § 2. The Title of the Book
  76. § 3. The Original Hebrew Text
  77. § 3. The Original Hebrew Text (continued)
  78. § 3. The Original Hebrew Text (continued)
  79. § 6. Authorship and Date
  80. § 7. The Influence of Sirach on Later Literature
  81. § 8. Canonicity of the Book and Its Use in the Early Church
  82. § 8. Canonicity of the Book and Its Use in the Early Church (continued)
  83. Chief Editions of the Text
  84. Symbols and Abbreviations
  85. Prologue
  86. Prologue (continued)
  87. Prologue (continued)
  88. Prologue (continued)
  89. Prologue (continued)
  90. Prologue (continued)
  91. Prologue (continued)
  92. Prologue (continued)
  93. Prologue (continued)
  94. Prologue (continued)
  95. Prologue (continued)
  96. Prologue (continued)
  97. Prologue (continued)
  98. Prologue (continued)
  99. Prologue (continued)
  100. Prologue (continued)
  101. D (continued)
  102. D (continued)
  103. D (continued)
  104. D (continued)
  105. D (continued)
  106. D (continued)
  107. D (continued)
  108. XLIX. 15 6+l. 1-24 (in Praise of the High-Priest Simeon)
  109. Subscription to the Book
  110. Appendix to the Book (LI. 1-30)
  111. LI. 1-30 (Appendix to the Book)
  112. The Wisdom of Solomon
  113. § 7. Authorship and Language
  114. § 8. Relationship to Other Books in the Old and New Testaments
  115. § 9. Theology and Philosophy of the Book
  116. § 9. Theology and Philosophy of the Book (continued)
  117. § 9. Theology and Philosophy of the Book (continued)
  118. § 9. Theology and Philosophy of the Book (continued)
  119. § 9. Theology and Philosophy of the Book (continued)
  120. § 4. Critical Investigation of the Above Documents
  121. § 7. Date and Authorship
  122. § 8. Redaction of the Documents
  123. § 10. Influence on Christian and Jewish Literature
  124. § 10. Influence on Christian and Jewish Literature (continued)
  125. Introduction I-14 1, 34 belong to document B; 2, 3 6-14, excluding redactional… (continued)
  126. Epistle of Jeremy
  127. § 1. Nature and Scope of the Work
  128. Epistle of Jeremy
  129. Epistle of Jeremy (continued)
  130. The Epistle of Jeremy
  131. Epistle of Jeremy
  132. Epistle of Jeremy (continued)
  133. Epistle of Jeremy (continued)
  134. Epistle of Jeremy (continued)
  135. Epistle of Jeremy (continued)
  136. Epistle of Jeremy (continued)
  137. Epistle of Jeremy (continued)
  138. Epistle of Jeremy (continued)
  139. Epistle of Jeremy (continued)
  140. Epistle of Jeremy (continued)
  141. Epistle of Jeremy (continued)
  142. Epistle of Jeremy (continued)
  143. § 6. Date of Composition
  144. § 8. The Theology of ‘The Prayer of Manasses
  145. Summary of the Prayer
  146. The Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Children
  147. § 2. Title of the Book
  148. The Prayer of Azariah, etc
  149. The Prayer of Azariah, Etc
  150. § 6. Composition of the Book, Date, Etc
  151. § 7. Influence of the Book on Later Literature, Canonicity, Etc
  152. The Prayer of Azariah and the Song of the Three Children
  153. The Prayer of Azariah
  154. The Prayer of Azariah (continued)
  155. The Song of the Three Children
  156. The Song of the Three Children (continued)
  157. The Song of the Three Children (continued)
  158. § 5. The Original Text
  159. § 6. Integrity or Composite Nature of the Text
  160. § 7. Authorship and Date
  161. § 8. Influence of the Book on Later Literature
  162. The History of Susanna
  163. Preface (continued)
  164. § 3. Textual Authorities: Manuscripts and Versions
  165. § 4. The Original Language
  166. § 4. The Original Language (continued)
  167. § 4. Date of the Additions
  168. § 6. Influence on Later Literature
  169. § 7. Theology of the Additions
  170. § 7. Theology of the Additions (continued)

How to cite it

Chicago
R. H. Charles (editor). Charles: The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament, Vol. 1: Apocrypha. Internet Archive, 1913. https://archive.org/details/theapocryphaandp01unknuoft
MLA
R. H. Charles (editor). Charles: The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament, Vol. 1: Apocrypha. Internet Archive, 1913. https://archive.org/details/theapocryphaandp01unknuoft
APA
R. H. Charles (editor) (1913). Charles: The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament, Vol. 1: Apocrypha. Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/theapocryphaandp01unknuoft

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